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Medicare 101

Medicare, from the ground up.

A plain-language guide to the parts of Medicare, the enrollment periods that matter, and the terms you’ll hear along the way — so the choices ahead feel a lot less confusing.

The basics
Part AHospital
Part BMedical
Part CAdvantage (bundled)
Part DDrugs
The building blocks

The four parts of Medicare

Part A — Hospital

Helps cover inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing care, hospice, and some home health care.

Part B — Medical

Helps cover doctor visits, outpatient care, preventive services, and durable medical equipment.

Part C — Advantage

An all-in-one alternative from private carriers that bundles Parts A and B, often with drug coverage and extras.

Part D — Drugs

Prescription drug coverage, available standalone or built into many Medicare Advantage plans.

Two paths

Original Medicare vs. Medicare Advantage

Original Medicare

The federal program (Parts A and B). Many people add a Medigap plan for out-of-pocket costs and a separate Part D plan for prescriptions.

Medicare Advantage

Part C bundles your coverage into one plan from a private carrier, often with drug coverage and extras, usually with a network.

Timing

Enrollment periods to know

PeriodWhenWhat it’s for
Annual Enrollment PeriodOctober 15 – December 7Review and change your Medicare Advantage and Part D coverage for the coming year.
Medicare Advantage Open EnrollmentJanuary 1 – March 31If you’re already in a Medicare Advantage plan, make a one-time change.

Other enrollment windows can apply, including when you first become eligible. We can explain the timing that fits you.

Key terms

A quick glossary

Premium

The amount you pay for coverage, often monthly.

Deductible

What you pay out of pocket before the plan starts to pay.

Copay

A set amount you pay for a covered service, like an office visit.

Coinsurance

Your share of a cost, usually a percentage, after any deductible.

Out-of-pocket maximum

A yearly cap on what you’ll pay for covered services on certain plans.

Network

The doctors, hospitals, and pharmacies a plan contracts with.

Formulary

A plan’s list of covered prescription drugs.

Medigap

Another name for a Medicare Supplement plan.

Where to next

Explore specific coverage

Medicare Advantage

All-in-one plans (Part C).

Medicare Supplement

Medigap plans that fill in the gaps.

Prescription Drug Plans

Part D coverage for your medications.

Questions

Frequently asked questions

Is one path better — Original Medicare or Advantage?

Neither is better in the abstract. The right choice depends on your doctors, medications, budget, and how you like to use coverage. We’ll walk through the trade-offs with you.

When can I first sign up for Medicare?

Most people have an initial window around when they turn 65. Other windows can apply too. We’ll explain the timing that fits your situation.

Do I have to choose everything at once?

No — we’ll help you take it step by step, in plain language, at your own pace.

We do not offer every plan available in your area. Any information we provide is limited to those plans we do offer in your area. Please contact Medicare.gov or 1-800-MEDICARE to get information on all of your options.

The Jeff George Agency is a licensed insurance agency. We are not connected with or endorsed by the U.S. government or the federal Medicare program.

Have a question about how Medicare works?

A licensed advisor is happy to explain things clearly and patiently, whenever you’re ready.

Talk to an Advisor